If you’ve worked with Apache Spark, you’ve likely written transformations like filter(), map(), or select() and wondered, “How does Spark actually execute this under the hood?” The answer lies in logical and physical plans — two key steps Spark uses to turn your code into distributed computation efficiently. Understanding this will help you optimize performance... Continue Reading →
Dynamically Typed Languages: Flexibility at Your Fingertips
If you’ve ever coded in Python, JavaScript, or Ruby, you’ve already experienced the magic — variables that don’t need a type declaration. That’s the essence of dynamically typed languages. But what does it really mean, and why do developers love (and sometimes fear) it? 1. The Core Idea In a dynamically typed language, the type... Continue Reading →
Lazy Evaluation vs Eager Evaluation: Compute Now or Compute When Needed
Have you ever noticed that some Python operations don’t execute immediately? Or why creating huge lists can crash your program? That’s where lazy evaluation vs eager evaluation comes into play — two contrasting approaches for handling computation. Understanding them is critical if you work with Python, Spark, or any data-intensive pipeline. 1. Eager Evaluation: Compute... Continue Reading →
Distributed Computing: How Many Computers Become One
If you’ve ever tried running a huge dataset or a complex simulation on a single laptop, you know the frustration. Hours tick by, fans spin up like a jet engine, and your progress crawls. Enter distributed computing — the art of making many computers work together as one. It’s like having a team of chefs... Continue Reading →
Wrappers and Decorators in Python: Add Power Without Touching the Core
Python is a language that lets you be elegant, expressive, and occasionally a little magical. One of the most powerful features that embodies this magic? Decorators. But before we dive into decorators, let’s start with the concept they rely on: wrappers. At its heart, a wrapper is just a function (or class) that wraps another... Continue Reading →
Pandas Transpose, Pivot, and Unpivot: Same Data, New Perspectives
Data has a funny way of teaching us perspective. Sometimes, all you need to understand a dataset better isn’t a new model or algorithm — it’s simply looking at it differently. That’s where Pandas’ transpose, pivot, and unpivot (aka melt) operations come into play. Think of them as the tools that let you flip, reshape,... Continue Reading →
Bridging the Gap: How GenAI Translates Business Vision into Technical Execution for Engineers
One of the oldest challenges in tech projects isn’t just writing good code — it’s making sure engineers are building exactly what the business envisioned. Business leaders speak in terms of outcomes, growth, and customer experience. Engineers think in terms of APIs, database schemas, and deployments. Somewhere in the middle, things often get “lost in... Continue Reading →
Agents vs Agentic AI — What’s the Difference?
Artificial Intelligence has become smarter, faster, and more autonomous. But in the growing AI landscape, you might have come across terms like “Agents” and “Agentic AI” — sometimes used interchangeably, sometimes not. So what exactly do these mean? And why should you care? Let’s clear the fog. What Are Agents? In AI, an agent is... Continue Reading →
Different AI LLM Models and Their Differences — and How They Got Their Names
Large Language Models (LLMs) have become the core of modern AI — powering everything from chatbots to code generation to deep research assistants. While most people know what the models can do, far fewer know why they are called what they are. Here’s a breakdown of the most popular LLMs today, their strengths, weaknesses, and... Continue Reading →
Traditional AI vs. GenAI — Understanding the Shift
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not new. It’s been powering recommendations, fraud detection, and automation for decades. But in the past couple of years, a new term has entered the spotlight — Generative AI (GenAI). At first glance, both seem like “AI.” But under the hood, their goals, capabilities, and approaches are very different. Let’s break... Continue Reading →
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